One has to name the Inventor
Name the Applicant
Description – the inventor must specifically describe their invention , give background art or background technology.
Designation of the State
The best mode of working the patent must be stated. The cheapest , easiest most efficient way of working the patent. How best can it be done. Include specifications and be clear on what you are claiming. Specification should be accompanied by a drawing where appropriate , sometimes it may not be easy to have a drawing. The significance of drawing is related to the Chinese Proverb that a picture is worth a thousand words.
CLAIM
What exactly does one want to protect? East African Breweries v Castle
A claim may be broad or narrow and most inventors tend to make their claims very broad and use words like all rights etc. this is not acceptable in many countries , in US they allow broad patent claims for certain reasons
UNITY OF INVENTION
One is allowed to make as many patent applications as possible but each application must have a unity of claim , if it is a writing instrument , patent it for writing but not as a beverage.